John Donne’s Poetic Philosophy of Love

John Donne's Poetic Philosophy of Love For the enormously complex and vexed John Donne (1572-1631), the one in whom all â€Å"contraries meet,† (Holy Sonnet 18), life was love—the love of women in his early life, then the love of his wife (Ann More), and finally the love of God. All other aspects of his experience apart from love, it seems, were just details. Love was the supreme concern of his mind, the preoccupation of his heart, the focus of his experience, and the subject of his poetry.The centrality and omnipresence of love in Donne’s life launched him on a journey of exploration and discovery. He sought to comprehend and to experience love in every respect, both theoretically and practically. As a self appointed investigator, he examined love from every conceivable angle, tested its hypotheses, experienced its joys, and embraced its sorrows. As Joan Bennett said, Donne’s poetry is â€Å"the work of one who has tasted every fruit in love’s orc hard. . . † Combining his love for love and his love for ideas, Donne became love’s philosopher/poet or poet/philosopher.In the context of his poetry, both profane and sacred, Donne presents his experience and experiments, his machinations and imaginations, about love. Some believe that Donne was indeed â€Å"an accomplished philosopher of erotic ecstasy† (Perry 2), but such a judgment seems to be too much. Louis Martz notes that â€Å"Donne’s love-poems take for their basic theme the problem of the place of love in a physical world dominated by change and death. The problem is broached in dozens of different ways, sometimes implicitly, sometimes explicitly, sometimes by asserting the immortality of love, sometimes by declaring the futility of love†.Donne was not an accomplished philosopher of eroticism per se, but rather a psychological poet who philosophized about love, sometimes playfully, sometimes seriously. The question, thus, arises as to the nature and content of Donne’s philosophy of love serendipitously expressed in his sacred and profane poetry. I will also argue that this particular philosophical perspective in Donne established the basis for the intimate connection between his profane and sacred poetry in which religious and sexual themes are closely linked and intermeshed.After briefly touching on the intellectual atmosphere in which Donne worked, I will proceed to examine the Ovidian and Petrarchan traditions in Donne’s amatory lyrics, and their respective contributions to his philosophy of love. The subject of Petrarchism was â€Å"love,† of course, emotional and spiritual love â€Å"conceived as a noble way of life, and the lover as an aristocrat of feeling† (Guss 49). Donne’s development in his profane poetry of the nobility and aristocracy of Petrarchan love was by means of these essential themes including, . . . he proem, the initiation of love [â€Å"The Good Morrow†] , the complaint against the lady’s obduracy [â€Å"Twickenham Garden†], the expression of sorrow at parting [â€Å"The Expiration†], the remonstrance against the god Love [Love’s Exchange†], the elegy on the lady’s death [â€Å"A Nocturnal upon St. Lucy’s Day, being the shortest day†], and the renunciation of love [â€Å"Farewell to Love†]. Other common themes are the lady’s eyes, her hair, her illness [â€Å"The Fever†], the dream [â€Å"The Dream†], the token [â€Å"A Jet Ring Sent†], the anniversary of love [â€Å"The Anniversary†], and the definition of love [â€Å"Negative Love†].How can a man and a woman achieve a love which is not based on rank sensuality, and yet which recognizes human physicality and ascribes a proper role and function to the body? How can a man and woman love one another with deep spiritual intensity and soulful devotion, and yet at the same time sto p short of romantic or emotional idolatry? How can both components of humanity—body and soul—be brought together into a happy synthesis to create a love that eschews the problems of Ovidian immorality and Petrarchan idolatry, but is rather ordinate and rightly ordered?The answers to these questions and the resolution of these tensions are found in Donne’s concept of idealized love generated largely under the influence of a Christian Platonism which establishes the sine qua non of his philosophy of love. It is a philosophy of love that seeks to balance the roles and establish right relations between both body and soul. Donne’s perspective is an attempt at integration, at wholeness, a striving at the reconciliation of opposing, dialectical forces.It seems that ever since the fall of humanity, life has been characterized by division and fragmentation: God vs. man, heaven vs. earth, man vs. woman, body vs. soul, action vs. contemplation, theory vs. practice, and so on. Donne seeks to heal and harmonize at least one aspect of a divided world: his view is body and soul, not body or soul. He defines and describes the component parts of love in light of the comprehensive nature of humanity. His position would seem to answer the questions and resolve the tensions created by the Ovidian and Petrarchan traditions in his love poetry.It would avoid the Ovidian problem of sexual immorality, and Petrarchan problem of romantic idolatry. Love is powerful, and it may very well abuse the body or the soul in its quest for satisfaction. But it can be rightly ordered as well. Donne’s outlook finds an appropriate place for both the body and the soul in a rightly ordered love. When coupled with his devotional poetry, the pattern indeed becomes complete, for it is in the love of God, which is the highest of all love, that human love itself finds its meaning and final reference point.If it is true that all human love has as its source and meaning in t he very love of God, then there must be a reciprocal relationship between these two forms of love, the infinite and the finite. God’s love validates human love, and human love reflects and images God’s. There is an intimate connection between love both human and divine. This would certainly be true in Donne’s Christian Platonism in which all things on earth, including human love, are a reflection of and point to things in heaven.

A Just Society

A just society is a type of society that promotes the well being of everyone in the society. It makes it possible for people to pursue their common good. It protects people from external harm.This kind of society does not live in a state of anarchy but strives to create a utopian society. (Quigley, 1961) For a society to live in harmony and peace, there are some rights and freedom that the people are entitled to which makes them work towards a just society. For instance certain rights and liberties must be granted such as political liberties. (Quigley, 1961) This involves expansion of democratic space and institutions and the press should enjoy its freedom.The people and political activists must have freedom of speech as well as freedom of assembly. Other freedoms are; association, the rights and freedoms within the rule of law (Rawls, 1993)).The freedom to set people free and protect them from slavery, freedom to move around without intimidation or fear, and freedom to work based on one’s decision as long as the occupation is within the law. Other liberty is of conscience since it greatly impacts on the social relationships rooted in philosophy, morality and religion. (Rawls, 1971)If the people are not given certain rights and liberties to enjoy, they are likely to rebel and cause chaos. The rebellion is used as a way of asserting their authority in the matter and coerces the existing institutions to accord them their rights. (Rawls, 1971)Civil DisobedienceOne way through which people demonstrate their dissatisfaction with the way the society is run. If a society does not have social, political institutions which can be informal or formal, and proper economic structures it is likely to experience civil disobedience. A society which is dominated by civil disobedience is not just. This is because people do not have respect for the law or other structures put in place in the society for the well being of all. (Rawls, 1993)  Corruption is one indicator of a society which is not just due to civil disobedience. For instance, well connected individuals and influential politicians abuse the existing social and political structures and amasses wealth for themselves at the expense of the common man. This has led to widening disparity between the rich and the poor. (Quigley, 1961) Such individuals have means of influencing higher authorities and therefore they are able to access public funds and other resources for their own personal gains. (Atkinson, 1982)As a result, there has been public outcry and desire to throw such people out of the government and public offices that they hold. Members of the society have resulted in staging demonstrations to express their grievances. The money which is stolen from the public coffers is meant to develop he society and generate stable sources of income for the society. (Rawls, 1993)There have been untold crimes being committed by young people as a result of civil disobedience of those in higher autho rities. Corruption which is a fruit of civil disobedience, has made the young   people to commit crimes after being rewarded handsome rewards by their sponsors, who are usually well connected individuals.Despite the evils committed, these individuals are not charged with any offence because they can influence and manipulate the judicial system. According to Rawl, he asserted everyone is in possession of an undisputable desire for justice; the society’s welfare as a whole can’t underestimate it. Therefore lack of justice, breeds acts of corruption and some people are denied freedom and yet others share a greater good. The coercion assumes that the citizens are reasonable. (Rawls, 1993)The commission for human rights does not do much to promote the rights of the people and thus the level of civil disobedience has increased overtime. The commission should look into the causes of corruption and tackle the problem from the grassroots. For instance, it is believed that som e of the causes of corruption are greed for wealth, low income levels, loose moral values, and lack of accountability on those handling financial matters. (Atkinson, 1982)Corruption has also led to inequality and total disregard of human rights. Equality and human rights are the basic concepts towards a just society. The human rights are evident in the way people live their everyday lives at all levels of the society. The social structure needs to cater for the needs of everyone to avoid corruption at low levels before it graduates to higher levels. For example transparency should be emphasized right from primary school and rewards should not be given to people for committing evil. (Rawls, 1993)The most notable forms of corruption involve massive looting of the public funds which translate into billions of dollars and sale of public corporations. Others involve embezzlement of money meant to pay employees. This contributes to unjust society. (Quigley, 1961)

Attendance Policy for Colleges in the South

I think that schools should apply rules and policies most clearly to those who do not have classes. On most courses, you must always be there. It is possible to learn to test or even to speak comfortably about this topic. Those who have never passed the course have obviously got notes from those who are allowed to take notes from their classmates home and endanger their learning. My research interest in this topic arises from my own personal experience. I was born and brought up in Korea, and received a university education. I planned to return to Korea completely when I go to the United States to study at the graduate school, but I am still here. I am a case of Korean brain drainage? From a traditional point of view, the answer is yes. However, from the viewpoint of improving globalization and mobility, if you look at this problem from another point of view, the answer may not be so clear. High school and university are very different. There is a big difference, and the difference i s not so obvious. These differences include homework, relationship between teacher and student, and attendance policy. In this article I will explain the main differences and secondary differences between high school and university. I will also explain why responsibility is a very important factor in high school or university. In high school, most teachers will late your homework if you make excuses such as Forget at home or I am in my locker. At college, if you give such an excuse to your professor, they will say too bad. There are also many exams in high school. Tests are usually done weekly or biweekly. There are more tests, but that work is not too difficult. In most cases, you will read and review all the points of the assignment aloud in the class so you do not have to worry about what you need to do. Participation in the classroom is essential. This is the policy of the university. If the student is absent beyond weekly classes, or if there is an abnormal attendance or absenc e mode, the teacher has sufficient reason to resign the student. For example, if the course is three hours a week, students can take a leave of up to three times a week. Students who join the course after the official start time will be marked as absent on that particular day. According to the policy of the Ministry of Communications, it is necessary to keep electronic communication equipment closed during class hours. Teacher counseling (ie family emergencies) can account for exceptions. The first crime may be that students are forbidden to participate in the conference. If the crime is repeated, classes may be suspended for up to two days before meeting with the Vice President for Student Services.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Leadership - Essay Example Trust from others – a leader has to develop the trust from his/her constituency. In a soccer game if the couch has given specific instructions of how a game strategy should be followed, all team members must trust that this strategy is going to be followed out in the field; Think creatively and objectively – a leader needs to create situations that will enhance the outcome results and be objective in the process. This creative thinking and objectivity may be discussed with the coach and the team members during practice for field performance; Partnership – a leader needs to make adjustments in his/her role and use the avant-garde posture: horizontal and vertical communication and make everyone feel that they are the owners of their fate and as such they are responsible for their actions. If a soccer player is not in place to receive the ball, an alternative player may be the receiver of the ball until the player is in place to perform the strategy that was delineated; Justice to think fairly – a leader should be able to balance criteria so that a fair view of different situations is present. A player may not feel well, therefore, his/her performance may not be up to par during a given

Equal pay act of 1963 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Equal pay act of 1963 - Research Paper Example The Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibits â€Å"discrimination on account of sex in the payment of wages by employers engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce†. In other words, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 was designed to prohibit employers from discriminating against employees on account of gender. In many instances, the development and implementation of such Act was an urgent response to the existing labor conditions in America and the growing dissatisfaction of women with their inferior job position. Since the end of the WWII, wage differentials between men and women plagued the development of labor relations in America and called for major improvements. However, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 was not the first attempt to curb wage disparities based on gender in American economy: during the WWII, the equal pay for women policy was declared and several federal governments proposed that legislation be implemented to reduce and, finally, eliminate wage discrimination b ased on gender (Fogel, 1984). Actually, Congress took the difficult decision to pass the Equal Pay Act, fearing that the existing wage discrimination would negatively influence the balance of labor supply and demand and would, simultaneously, burden courts with unnecessary paperwork as they are fighting to prove women’s rights for equal pay (Fogel, 1984). In many instances, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 became the turning point in the development of equal labor opportunities in America. Whether the Equal Pay Act of 1963 has far-reaching implications for HR and produces significant impacts on HR practices is difficult to define. On the one hand, the act sets the stage for developing equal wage opportunities for women and men in similar professions and those, who fulfill similar obligations and tasks. Alternatively, it is clear that the Equal Pay Act of 1963 did not produce the desired effects on the state of labor relations in the U.S.: the change in wage discrimination is meager compared to

Saladin The Divine Plan Of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Saladin The Divine Plan Of God - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the two armies met face to face and realizing the weakness of the Franks, Muslims had a hand to hand fight with the Franks (Lane-Poole 193). The thirst, burning sun and the smoke of the bush that Muslims had fired, made the Franks lose their sanity (Lane-Poole 194). In desperation to reach the lake for water, Franks neglected the combination with their knights and by doing so, lost their only chance to victory (Lane-Poole 194). The Saracens eventually attacked all of them and killed them and captured the rest (Lane-Poole 194). Many of the soldiers surrendered and even the knights begged Saladin to kill them instead of leaving them to live a torturous life (Lane-Poole 195). Also, it is believed that 30,000 Christians lost their lives in the battle, which is famously known as the battle of Hattin (Lane-Poole 198). This paper makes a conclusion that Saladin was one of the greatest Muslim warriors who unified the Muslim countries for the first time and br ought together all the Muslim armies and transformed them into one army. Saladin was successful in winning the Holy war against the crusaders and restoring the Muslim rule on the Holy Land. Among all of his achievements, the victory of battle of Hattin was one of his greatest, and it made clear that Saladin’s rule in Egypt and his conquest of the Holy Land was nothing less than the plan of God. Hence, it won’t be wrong to say that Saladin was not only the king of Egypt, but was also a hand of God. ... Shirkuh continued his service under Nur al-Din, who took over Aleppo (Lyons and Jackson 3). On the other hand, the troops of Damascus attacked and besieged Saladin’s father in Baalbek (Lyons and Jackson 3). Ayyub had no choice but to surrender on favourable terms as no help from force came to his rescue (Lyons and Jackson 3). Ayyub moved to Damascus with his family and started living there (Lyons and Jackson 3). However, in the year 1154, when Nur al-Din attacked the city, Ayyub helped him to victory by making the surrender of Damascus easy (Lyons and Jackson 3). Later, he joined Nur al-Din (Lyons and Jackson 3). It has been noted by the historians that as Saladin’s childhood was spent in Damascus, he was particularly fond of that place (Lyons and Jackson 3). Saladin’s childhood and character Saladin was highly educated human being and was more inclined towards studies than towards military achievements (Lyons and Jackson 3). It was observed that Saladin was not only good at academic subjects like arithmetic and law, but was also knowledgeable of the Quran and the cultural heritage of Arab traditions (Lyons and Jackson 3). Saladin had learnt the values, attitudes, emotions and essence of Arab by learning by heart the anthology of Arab poets called as ‘Hamasa’ (Lyons and Jackson 3). Saladin’s ambitions were very moderate as he never aimed for power or command (Lyons and Jackson 3). However, destiny had something else in store for Saladin. He was destined to enter Egypt and become its king. First expedition to Egypt It can be said that God had destined Saladin to become a king. It was in the year 1163 that the events that led Saladin to Egypt took place. Shawar, the deposed vizier of Egypt, arrived in Cairo to ask

Ethical Decision Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethical Decision Making - Case Study Example Obtaining the sample documents for purposes of checking for quality control may be justified as a means of enhancing performance, but it must be done transparently with full awareness of those affected by the exercise. Poor quality found in this case could not be used for disciplinary purposes because the manner in which it was obtained failed to guarantee the protection of the employees. It is only legally acquired information can be used to initiate disciplinary action (Kaupins & Park 82). Since the information is acquired outside working hours and without the consent of the people rightfully given access ownership of the hard drives, it is may not be considered legal. However, it could and should be used for training purposes to avoid the repetition of poor quality work. Applying PAPA to this situation, the violation of privacy is seen to be evident because the manager did not use his position to ensure there are safeguards in place to protect the employees and the information on their computer accounts. According to the provisions of PAPA, the employees have a right to be protected from information gathering and intrusion by others (Pearlson and Sanders 18). Further, they were not given the opportunity to exercise choice and select the level to which their information could be accessed. If the low quality work was attributed to data accuracy, it is the manager’s responsibility to establish controls that ensure accuracy. If that had been done earlier, the low quality work could not have gone on for months as the case study shows. That means the manager failed to ensure it was kept up-to-date. The information on the employees’ hard drives is the property of the clients and the organization. Therefore, the manager must also follow the pr ocedures in place because as much as he is in charge of office automation, he does not own or have exclusive

Article Critique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Critique - Research Paper Example The model was measured as the best. Question 3: The key aspects noted on the article is that social disparities may have been a factor in the study since the community would not allow an individual who is sick and needs blood not to be given since this will cause problems in the community between the patients family and the entire community. Question 4: The study of Jehovah Witness can be used for future research on behavioral change within this population group to deriver to the society and culture more information that are not applicable and thus able to curb the ones may cause death to an individual. Question 5: According to the article the limitation of this study is that behavioral changes theories are not universally accepted and thus they are criticized by the community. Transtheoretical theory may be affected since it emphasizes change model for it to be applicable since the community is on there

Learning and talent management in an organisation Research Paper

Learning and talent management in an organisation - Research Paper Example Learning and talent management are two of them. They incorporate high importance into the organizations and their performance depends on these areas notably. With advancements of all sorts, and organizations moving into international groups and chains, the field of talent and learning management has held more ground than ever before since these two areas impact the performance in a direct manner. Organization as a whole consists of unit of members, activities, functions, hierarchy, tools and techniques and machinery(Cannon & McGee 2010). However the proper functioning of the abovementioned factors and entities is largely subject to management and their proper working which is usually ensured with the help of human resource organization and department. The importance of Human Resource Management: Human resources have played a vital role in every era, however in modern times, they have become the backbone of effective working and performance of an organization, the umbrella of human re source management is quite scattered and entails many entities that are directly impacting the performance of organization( Sims, 2002). The two of these are the learning management and the talent management. These modern trends are fast adopted and even the small scale organization that operate in different parts of the world, aim at ensuring and incorporating the factors and elements of human resource management. Their implication falls upon the other departments of organization as well and with so much global operations and functional departments, the effectiveness can be enhanced multiple times with the usage of talent and learning management(Collings & Scullion 2011). In such situations no organization can imagine surviving and excelling amongst the competitors who have employed these means as well as others for effectiveness and productivity. The supply chain mechanism, the introduction of technology and various other advancements overall have made it vital for organizations a nd institutes to establish talent management sections. These two areas can be incorporated into the boundaries of H.R (Human Resource) and hence it can be said that with the advent of these two areas, the H.R principles and departmental working has strengthened in parallel. These two can be termed as the modern era existence of human resource organization (reference). Talent management: It is the organization and managing of the talent in terms of the personnel. Its scope entails those who come fresh to the organization, those who are already recruited. The impact of talent management is multi folds; it has an impact not only on the individuals but the organization and the manner in which it operates. It brings about transparency and efficient working procedures in the organization with no favoritism and biases in decision making. Talent management serves as an independent department and discipline and has its regular members, the top management, the persons involved in conducting i nterviews, the observers, those who make decisions and those who are involved in other participatory processes (Hatum, 2010). In pasts the organizational success were largely related to resources, the policies and other variables, however in modern times if there is any variable that outweighs others, that is that of personnel and individuals involved in the organization. Winston Churchill long ago predicted and stated that in times ahead, the major decisions (Kolarevic 2003), successes in terms of organizations and overall performances in different walks of life and institutions would be largely dependent on the minds and abilities of individuals. While in past they were being ignored or their roles were

Management, Motivation, & Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management, Motivation, & Leadership - Essay Example They then employ every strategy in pursuance of the target (McGrath, 2011). Eagles know and stick to their moral principles. An eagle will never feed on dead meat, however, hungry it is. Great leaders know and stick to their principles irrespective of the prevailing circumstances. Honesty to oneself and others is a virtue for any successful leader (McGrath, 2011). The eagle family is one of a kind where the male has to persuade the female well enough before they can mate. This may involve building nests that the female has to approve and to be patient enough to the teasing of the female eagle. As a leader, you need to develop persuasion skills so that you can withstand the competition in the market. Sometimes, as a leader you have to go extra mile to win the trust of your followers or partners when trying to cut a business deal (McGrath, 2011). The eagle character is to use challenges to its advantage. For instance, when there is a storm and every other bird is hiding the eagle uses the storm to rise higher. This character is an important principle for any successful leader. When something unexpected happens to alter your plan, and then a great leader seeks for an opportunity in the challenge t achieve greater dreams (McGrath, 2011). A female eagle makes decision based on trust that is developed over time. She tests teases the male with twigs to test his commitment before mating. A great leader makes a decision after thorough search of relevant information and evaluation of probable risks involved (McGrath, 2011). An eagle coaches the eaglets to fly by either throwing them out of the nest or taking them to heights, release them and then follow them to catch them before they can fall to the ground. A good leader should be able to model others for future leadership (McGrath, 2011). Both the male and female eagles participate in the building of a nest where the female lays eggs. The female lays eggs and protects them while the male builds a

Religion and So-called German Christians Essay Example for Free

Religion and So-called German Christians Essay Religion continues to be one of the most influential forces in the world. It has been seen to provide great peace and harmony to believers, but it has also been the cause if not an actual reason for some of historys greatest wars. It can be used as justification from leaders of war, can it also serve as an instrument of resolution as well? Religion has come to be a much stronger force than any material incentives. It is far better at directing positive behaviour towards social betterment than any laws or physical force. For instance, Ghandi and Martin Luther King Jr conducted non-violent protests based upon religious beliefs. Religion can also be used to help bring people together as they are more willing to work together. By contrast, places that reject religion, such as Revolutionary France, communist Russia and China, or Nazi Germany are often very brutally oppressive. However, it is not always the case. For example, Iran: a country where religion is so prevalent is equally as oppressive as these countries. Incidentally, religion can be very dangerous because it can and has been used to justify horrific acts. Crusaders not only killed many Muslims, they also massacred many Jews and Eastern Christians in the process of attempting to win control of the Holy Land. Adolf Hitlers followers among them the so-called German Christians were believers in their Fuhrer. The Inquisition carried out its torture in the name of God. Religion should never be involved in politics because it can then be used as an instrument of control. However, in places where religion develops freely and people have free access to places of worship, it provides people with a sense of hope, praying serves as therapy and members of a congregation feel a sense of community and friendship. Some of the greatest works of art were created in the name of God. Furthermore, Woodrow Wilson suggested that a strong affinity exists between religious commitment and patriotism. Love of country, just like the love of God certainly inspires good deeds but not always. Furthermore, religion may have led to the creation of the worlds finest art, but it has also caused its destruction. Religion can be a source of extreme nationalism. In Christianity, Islam and Judaism, God is described as mighty warrior, just king and righteous judge. He apparently punished the unjust, the unrighteous and the disobedient. The idea that a nation is the instrument of Gods will has led to war and the subjugation of people viewed as ungodly. Fundamentalism clouds everything. There is a need to be right and superior, which develops an ego and once we fall foul to it, we are lost. Conversely, biblical commandments are the basis of Western ethical and legal systems. It has seen to teach us tolerance for people with other beliefs and opinions. Usually believers are more peaceful, law-abiding and tolerant than the non-believers in the world. Some people need it psychologically and without it may step to extremism such as suicide or anarchy. However, some live in a delusion and in a constant state of intellectual dishonesty. Some people, who are so far devout in their own beliefs, use them to beat other beliefs and religious groups into submission. Religions like Islam justify holy wars against the unfaithful, meaning those of other religions. This can also be seen in the violence of the crusades launched by Christians in the medieval period and by later wars between Protestant and Catholic. Religious conviction like the extremist Hindu groups against Christians and Muslims in India has paved the way for the terrorist attacks in New York City on September eleventh 2001. Religious clashes have led to some of the most heinous human behaviour in recorded history. Western states grew as a result of religion and religious philosophy. Western European and North American societies are still based on Protestant ideals of diligence, thrift and moderation. The very existence of theocratic state, proves that governments in these states are much more stable than regimes in secular countries because leaders are viewed as appointed by God. Political stability, in turn, leads to economic welfare. Despite this, Theocratic states become totalitarian regimes because they are based upon obedience to a ruler who is seen as Gods representative rather than a democratic constitution. They may be stable but they are not essentially concerned with their peoples welfare. By prioritising religious imperatives over economic development and by their intolerance of the questionable types who drive economic process states like Iran have become corrupt, authoritarian and poor. In conclusion, I believe that religion provides many opportunities and hope for those who have nothing else to turn to, it helps bring unity and sometimes peace into communities. However, I also believe that it has become a perversion of the redemptive message of Jesus, by so-called devout humans using their beliefs to ruin and destroy the lives of many others. I myself am agnostic and am very open-minded.

Analysis of Kri Kri Milk Company

Analysis of Kri Kri Milk Company KRI KRI S.A. company was created in 1950 from George Tsinavo and is activated in the milk industry. The company initially dealt with ice cream that was first sold by hawkers using ice and salt for cooling and sold in every neighborhood in the city of Serres, Greece. In 1963 when the first electric freezers where introduced KRI KRI expanded and developed a market opportunity. Few years later, in 1968, the company developed further and transferred the companys facilities to new privately owned premises. The company established there its first automatic production line for milk and other products based on milk such as yogurt and ice cream. That was the first sign of the beginning of a new era of the companys lifecycle. In 1997, the company expanded by participating in a three year investment programme arising about six million Euros and modernized throughout the equipment and the factory facilities. The investing programme increase and improved the production and set the foundation stone for future development. Nowadays, KRI KRI has a well expanded network all over Greece and aims to strengthen its activities and development prospects in Greece as well as Balkan. KRI KRIs factory located 5km from the center of Serres and occupies about 50 square meters plot. The premises are composed by two different factories, one for ice cream and one for producing dairy products such as milk, which encloses modern mechanical equipment with new ecological technology. The company has been certified according to ISO 9001:200 for its producing processes on all product range. Furthermore, the company has established and applied the HACCP system according to Hellenic Organization for Standardisation under the supervision of the Minister of Development in Greece for all of the products in order to thoroughly safeguard consumers health and safety. For this purpose KRI KRI has established a quality control laboratory equipped with technological tool and staffed with scientific personnel properly trained. The Industry The milk industry consisted in its major component by large industrial companies which have the largest market share. These companies have developed a distinguished brand names and trade marks, new technological equipment and facilities. The industry does not offer many entrance opportunities to new companies and has high barriers to entry. The Demand The demand of the milk products is basic in peoples diet and irreplaceable. The milk products is one of the principal source of food and the demand does not affected much from price variations so the demand can be characterised by low volatility in price. Furthermore, the income in consumers wallet does not affect the quantity that is needed to cover the consumers basket and is unrelated with the desired quantity, so the demand can be characterised by low volatility in quantity. In addition, the substitutes product of milk has low substitutability to affect the milk industry. The milk industry had established an oligopoly and the milk prices are determined by large companies with low intervention by the Greek government. In the last decade, the only threat that the milk industry has encounter was the unexpected deceases that affect the animals and the raw material, which shocked the consumers confidence for milk products and have as a result the decrease in the consuming. The Supply The main distribution channel of the milk products are the supermarkets and the mini markets. Large companies have established a well synchronised and efficiency distribution channels throughout Greece while the few small companies in the industry have a locally limited target group to provide their products. Both categories of companies even if their activities are locally limited or national ensured that such a susceptible product as milk delivered in very good conditions and on time. Financial Indicators of the Market Financial indicators of the companies in milk industry should be taken into consideration in order to analyse and comprehend the financial position of the industry. On the 15 largest companies of the milk industry the average gross margin of the last 5 years was 26,12%, the net profit margin was 2,99% and the EBITDA index was 12,16%. The return on equity index was 6,26% and the return on capital employed was 2,50%. The general liquidity index was 1,71 while the cash flows ratio was 0,35. The average operation capital of the 15 largest companies the last 5 years was 4.543.754 euros. Competitive analysis: Porters five-forces model Porters five forces In order for a new company to enter, remain and expand a market it would be useful to analyse the industry and especially concentrate on the five basic points that are proposed by the Porter and show the attractiveness of the industry under consideration. Entrance of new competitors According to industry analysis, the milk industry seems to offer more opportunities to the already existed companies while it is quite difficult for a new company to enter the industry. The industry analysis indicates that there are high barriers to the market. Specifically, this sector does not offer many entrance opportunities to new companies due to the fact that it requires great investing amount to technology while the existent products are trade in from large well-developed companies that are high competitive. Moreover, the susceptible products of milk demands high coordination treatment throughout the life-cycle of production from the raw material to the final distribution. Additionally, the existing distribution channels that have been established from the companies are the results of investment through a long time period. So, a new company that intent to enter the milk market has to face the already well-established names in order to achieve high market share. Substitute products Another factor that should be analysed is the degree of products substitutability. The milk products are essentials in peoples diet and irreplaceable. In this industry there are few substitutes such as the soya milk, powdered milk, juices or other beverages but the substitutability is very low to affect the milk industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers of raw materials is complex but it is considered as low. The majority of milk companies sign contracts between farmers in order to absorb their milk while the companies control the production process through established production requirements in farming lifecycle such as the raw material required to feeding procedure, the existence conditions of living and the reproduction of the animals. So, the bargaining power of suppliers is limited in the milk industry and the large companies that purchase large quantities of raw material has a competitive advantage in terms of trading commodity prices and offset suppliers.. The bargaining power of the suppliers is unconcernedly and does not affect the milk industry, so can be characterised as low. Bargaining power of Customers The main customers of the milk industry are the super markets and the mini retail markets which both have high bargaining power. Both markets have a strong bargaining power especially the super markets through the large turnout that the premises offer, the mass final consumer that covers their needs has as a result to made large volume of sales through them. Mini markets have quite big supplier power due to the fact that are larger in number, almost in every neighborhood, they serve the final consumers in a more extensive market hours and the milk products are their primary trading consumer attraction. Furthermore, in order to attract more final customers through super markets and mini markets, companies have to be competitive and attractive. So, the main objective is to advertise their products in order to gain customers acceptance. This can be confirmed from the large amounts of investment in advertising and promotion campaigns that the majority of the milk companies spend. The competition The last but not least factor according to Porter that affects the entrance in the milk industry is the competition. The Greek milk market is highly controlled by few large milk production companies. This has as a result the creation of an oligopoly among the companies while they try to retain or expand their share in the market by enhancing their brands through advertising, various discounts offers and by exploiting the benefits from exclusive distribution in mini retail markets. The created oligopoly is the main characteristic of milk industry and this point out that the competition is considered as low. SWOT Analysis KRI-KRI S.A. S STRENGTHS Very strong financial position Strong contracts with suppliers and associates Technological industrial and manufacturing facilities Organized distribution network channels Products with Popular Trademarks and strong preference of Greeks for domestic products Tight quality control, awards and certifications, brand name, recognizable firm (ISO, HACCP certifications) W WEAKNESSES No use of options to outweigh the potential risk of interest rates Insufficient money spent for marketing and advertisement. O- OPPORTUNITIES Balkan countries growth Living standards growth The gradual acceptance of biologic products by consumers. T- THREATS Unexpected deceases that affect the animals and have as a result the decrease in the consuming Greek crisis Competition from imports SO STRATEGY Expansion of the distribution network to Romania, where there are greater growth opportunities (S4+O1). WO STRATEGY Increase advertisement to attract more customers in refined products through the growth of living standards (W2+O2, 3). ST STRATEGY Restructure of the company to become total quality producer through tight control and cooperation with certificated farms (S6 + T1). WT STRATEGY Advertisement to commend on the origin and quality of its products instead of the imported ones (W2+T3).Combined Strategies Proposed scenarios Four scenarios were established from the above swot analysis matrix and the situation of the milk industry has been considered. SCENARIO 1 SCENARIO 2 SCENARIO 3 SCENARIO 4 CURRENT GROWTH ADVERTISEMENT EXPANSION FINANCIAL CRISIS SALES GROWTH RATE 1,33% 3,00% 7,00% -2,00% FIXED ASSETS (AT COST) GROWTH RATE 13,79% 4,50% 7,00% -2,00% TOTAL DEPRECIATION/FIXED ASSETS AT COST 5,79% 5,79% 5,79% 5,79% COST OF GOODS SOLD/SALES 54,27% 55,00% 40,00% 63,00% ADMINISTRATIVE SELLIG EXPENSES/SALES 28,82% 30,00% 15,00% 18,00% Table 1: Proposed scenarios First scenario. Basic Case: Current growth rates In this scenario would be examined how the companys equity value would be affected if will continued its activities with same sales growth as the average of past 5 years, the fixed assets growth rate, cost of goods sold/sales and administrative and selling expenses. Second scenario. Increase of advertisement Advertisement and promotion campaign in milk industry plays a significant role that determines the sales ratio growth. In this scenario we suppose that the company emphasises to increase its advertisement expenses that would lead to increase the sales growth up to 3%. We assume that the administrating and selling expenses rise up to 32% while the cost of goods sold per sales remain in 55%. Also, we decrease the fixed assets at cost growth rate at 4,50% in order to balance the past years expansion of fixed assets growth rate. Third scenario. Expansion to Balkan Balkan countries have been demonstrated high gross domestic product rate such as Bulgaria with 6,2% in contrast with Greece that the International Monetary Fund forecasted that would slightly increase from negative ratio to 0,80% gross domestic product. Considering the development in the past and forthcoming years in Balkan the third scenario supposes that the company expands in Balkan markets. Moreover, KRI KRI S.A. has already made the first expansion step in Balkan and has already begun to organise distribution network among Balkan region. Finally, KRI KRI S.A. has access to Balkan because its facilities located no more than 100 kilometres from Balkan borders such as with Bulgaria, Serbia and Yugoslavia. This scenario is realistic and feasible considering that the short distance from Balkan countries satisfied the demanded requirements in order to ensure the initial quality of the products. So we suppose that the sales growth rate would be increase up to 7% and similarly the fixed assets at cost growth rate would be up to 7%. Due to the mass production and the optimum production capacity we suppose that the cost of goods per sales and the administrating/selling expenses per sales would be decreased down to 40% and 20% respectively. Fourth scenario. Financial Crisis In the last scenario we consider the current financial crisis in Greece that already had occurred. The milk industry does not affected so much from the income of the consumers but in the current condition we supposed that the sales growth rate would be decreased down to -2%. The fixed assets growth would be decreased as well as the financial crisis would affect negatively the investing expansion to new fixed assets or even worse may forced a necessary liquidation of fixed assets. So, we suppose that the fixed assets at cost growth would be down to -2%. Finally, the decreasing in sales growth and the low volume of production would have as a result an increasing to cost of goods sold and administrative/selling expenses per sales ration up to 62% and 40% respectively.

Women in Christianity

Women in Christianity Women are oppressed by the religion of Christianity. For the religion of Christianity the equal rights for women is a great unfulfilled concern, from time beyond memory they have been dependent to man, in the family, and with restrained rights and involvement in worship. This is a big and intricate matter as Christianity is one of the major religions in the world. Is the opinion that Christianity oppresses women, based on historical facts or is the misinterpretation of these out of context scriptures; Let us look to the bible for some answers and solutions to the chaos and confusion with which modern women are confronted. Throughout the Bible, men were the heads of families and were the leaders. Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Noah, David, Solomon, Joseph and many more. As a result , it stands to reason and historical fact that the Bible is indeed patriarchal. But does this inevitably mean that women are oppressed and degraded? Genesis(1:26-27) Then God said Let us make man in our image, after our likeness, and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air.. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them It was not Adam alone, but Eve who made up Gods image, and thus, women are a part of this creation story, not demeaned but fully equal in the benefits provided by God. Arguing the idea that the male gender was created first is like twins arguing about who is greater due to which emerged first from the womb. They were created equally and with the intention of reflecting Gods image in their own union, man and wife. http://www.religioustolerance.org/lfe_bibl.htm The Bible teaches that man and woman were co-participants in the Fall: Adam and Eve were both responsible. Gen 3:6; Rom 5:12-21; The Bible teaches that both man and woman were created in Gods image, had a direct relationship with God, and shared jointly the responsibilities of bearing and bringing up children and having dominion over all the earth, and over all the creatures. In first-century Palestine, the way Jesus treated women was considered revolutionary. Jesus Christ taught that women were just as responsible for growing in grace and knowledge as men when it came to being one of his followers. Jesus expected women as well as men to learn from him. The Bible does not say how many women moved around with Jesus and his male disciples, but definitely Luke records the names of a prominent few, and mentions there were â€Å"many others.† Jesus walked through towns and countryside, preaching and giving the good news of the kingdom of God. The Twelve followed him, and also some women who had been healed of evil spirits and diseases: Mary called Magdalene, who had been freed of seven demons; Joanna, wife of Chuza, Herods steward: Susanna and others who provided for them out of their own funds. (Luke 8:1-3) It was the women who stayed at the foot of the Cross. The mother of Jesus, Mary, the other Mary, and Mary Magdalene with only one of the Apostle John, the beloved disciple. And it was Mary Magdalene who went early at the tomb and It was a woman who found the most important phenomenon in history, the Resurrection of Jesus. In that time in history and culture , women were considered to be not reliable and they were not permitted to be witnesses in court. And yet Jesus wanted a women as his strongest witnesses, and accomplish his greatest works. Jesus asked Mary to bring the announcement to the apostles, so we see that he relied on women to bring the men to him. Christianity today has a lot to thank women for, as men disbelieved, questioned, and ran away, but the women gathered them and lead them back to Jesus. Now, one major issue is Saint Paul. He comes across as a big misogynist. But is our interpretation accurate? In 1 Timothy 2: 11-13, Paul says, Let a woman quietly receive instruction and be submissive. I allow no woman to teach or to have authority over men. Let them be quiet. For Adam was formed first, then Eve. Adam was not deceived ,it was the woman who was deceived and fell into sin. But she will be saved through motherhood, provided that her life be orderly and holy, in faith and love. St. Paul has been the victim of a bad press as far as women are concerned. Some have regarded him as the one whose basic message to women is to shut up, cover their heads and listen to their husbands. In the thirteen letters of St. Paul, there are probably no passages that are as difficult for modern Western readers as those having to do with women. To clear Paul of charges of misogyny, perhaps we need to look at some historical considerations: Paul was brought up as a Jew in the sect of the Pharisees until his adult life. In the Judaism in which Paul was reared, relationships between men and women were subject to the laws of ritual impurity. If a man so much as touched a woman at the wrong time of the month he could become ritually impure himself. In Leviticus, the law stipulates that a woman who has given birth to a daughter must undergo a period of purification twice as long as that for the birth of a son. And among the daily prayers â€Å"the Eighteen Benedictions† recited by Jewish men is this: â€Å"Blessed Thou art, O Lord, for not having created me a woman.† So St. Paul grew up regarding to women in a particular way, and some of the comments he makes about women can probably be credited to his own background. http://tzion.org/articles/EighteenBenedictions.htm Womens status and freedoms were definitely restricted by Jewish law and custom. As we mentioned already they were not permitted to be witnesses in court trials. They could not go out in public, or talk to strangers. They had to be double veiled when they went out of their homes. They were excluded from the worship and teaching of God, with status barely above that of slaves. Their place in society was set in the Hebrew Scriptures and in the interpretation of those scriptures. In a Jewish and Hellenistic environment, the submission of the wife to the husband went without question as considered the foundation of the family order, and in therefore of the order of society.† For many scholars ,the first Christians had been accused of rocking the boat, and Paul wanted to make it clear that Christians were not anarchists. Therefore, Pauls statements about women tend to take on a different tone altogether if seen within the context of all of his writings, actually they serve to reflect and reinforce the message of mutual submission in Christ. (Lynda L.1990 pg.21) In fact in Galatians 3:27-8: The Same Paul says All of you who were given to Christ through baptism have put on Christ. Here there is no longer any difference between Jew nor Greek, or between slave or freed, or between man and woman: but all of you are one in Christ Jesus. This doesnt mean that the borders no longer exist in this life; Paul was not out to abolish slavery and to struggle for the social equality of women. His concern was not for the improvement of present social structures but for the establishment of unity in the church, the one body of Christ, and then as one in Christ all other issues would be overcome. One important point is that Paul, depended on women to help him in his ministry, and he thanks them in his letters by name, Phoebe, a deaconess of the church, â€Å"she helped many and among them myself † (Romans 16:2). In Philippians (4:2-3) Evodia and Syntyche of whom, he says, â€Å"they have laboured with me in the service of the gospel.† And finally If he really despised marriage, would he have spoken so warmly and repeatedly of the couple Prisca and Aquila, whom he referred to as â€Å"my helpers in Christ Jesus. To save my life they risked theirs; I am very grateful to them, as are all the churches of pagan nations.† As seen Women have exerted a special influence on Christian life and have profoundly affected its spirituality, but the exact nature of this relationship has yet to be fully understood. Holy women throughout history have struggled over the nature of women`s calling within the church. Christianity has been, both a liberating force for women and the cause of their oppression. But we would like to conclude with an uplifting message, God is still saying today to those of us who are willing to listen a message that will clear us of any doubts towards gender equality; â€Å"In heaven, men and women will stand together praising God †. (REV. 22:3-5) A clear picture or even better the eternal picture, about women in Christianity. Bibliography: Christian Community Bible, Claretian Publication, Quezon City, Philippines. LYNDA L.1990 pg.21,The gentle strength, university press of Virginia, USA FRANK WESTON,2001. The Revelation of Eternal Love: Christianity Stated in Terms of LoveBiblio Bazaar, Oxford UK http://tzion.org/articles/EighteenBenedictions.htm (accessed 7/03/2010) http://www.religioustolerance.org/lfe_bibl.htm (accessed 7/03/2010)

American Indian Stories :: essays research papers

It was approaching dusk as the conspicuous line of dark vans entered the reservation. These vehicles served the purpose of furnishing transportation for about 30 members of a Cleveland area youth group, whose mission was “to bring good news to the badlands';. In short, the group was ministering to the Indian children of the Pine Ridge Reservation, which was in close vicinity to the natural wonder found in the foothills of “the badlands';. The trip became a tradition for my church and I traveled there on three separate occasions. Each year, the team received a welcoming that could be described as anything but inviting. In fact, the first year the trip fell on the Fourth of July and as we drove in, our vehicles were bombarded with fireworks. I could never really grasp why we were so despised. After all, our intentions were commendable. The matter became clearer after I read Zitkala-sa’s “American Indian Stories';. Within this text, a Native American expresses he r beliefs that actions similar to ours serve merely in altering culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main character’s civilization had religious beliefs long before the white man presented his ideas. Essentially, the Sioux religion was based on nature. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact beliefs of the group because of the deficiency of information. However from the text, some aspects can be gathered. First, it appears as though everything in nature is believed to retain a spirit. Zitkala-Sa is observing the flowers and personifies them, assuming they are possessive of a spirit by saying, “Their quaint round faces of varied hue convince the heart which leaps with glad surprise that they too, are living symbols of omnipotent thought.'; (102) Everything natural was incorporated into their religious beliefs. Thus, the people receive refreshment of the soul through companionship with the outdoors. The narrator describes a spiritual experience as, “to seek the level lands where grow the wild prairie flowers. And they, the lovely little folk, so oth my soul with their perfumed breath.'; (101) The Indian girl turns to nature to have her spiritual needs met, which is reflective of the behavior of her people. Thus, although the concept of spirituality as the white man understood it was not incorporated into the Indian culture, the Natives did, in fact have a religion, and maintained universal beliefs and practices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the introduction of the “paleface'; into the Indian culture, he brought with him different ideas about religion, which undoubtedly created tension.

Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Garden for the Blind When designing a garden for the blind one has to adjust the design to fit the needs for the enjoyment of the garden by the blind. Although the blind have lost their sense of sight, their other senses are heightened tremendously. Adjusting to these heightened senses can be a struggle by itself but can prove to be very beneficial and breathtaking in the end. Many advantages and disadvantages come with this design concept. Overall when designing a garden to be enjoyed by the blind one should focus on creating an atmosphere that adheres greatly to the sense of both smell and sound. The overall structure of the garden for the blind will be snake like. Based on the topography of the plot of land being used for this project, a small hill behind Hume hall, a snake like structure will be best in tackling the hills. The snake-like pathway will start at the top and flow from east to west, across the hill while still traveling downward. This will make the drop in elevation gradual. Also, the garden will also be enclosed because birds will be utilized in the project, and it will allow for sunlight to be used efficiently. In the beginning of the garden for the blind the participant will be struck with extreme sound. The sound will not be intense in volume, but intense in the quality and depth. I will house birds that will live near the entrance and have loud chirps. It is not vital the birds be of a particular species; however, being that the mockingbird is the state bird of Florida, mockingbirds will be appropriate. Nightingales also have a distinctive call and will be added. In conjunction with this upheaval of sound, the terrain will be altered in the entrance. I will have either gravel or stepping-stones; this lets the participant know that he or she is entering the garden due to the contrast between the land before the entrance and the entrance. Also this uneven terrain should heighten the senses of the participant. Malnar and Vodvarka in Sensory Design suggest that â€Å"uneven terrain/pathways heighten[s] our awareness of surfaces by obliging us to bring our sensory organs into the bes t alignment to perceive them† (104). The flowers that will be present in the entrance will be yellow jasmines and scented geraniums.

The Doctrine Of Fascism :: essays research papers

The Doctrine of Fascism Some General Ideological Features "Reactionary concepts plus revolutionary emotion result in Fascist mentality." -Wilhelm Reich Is nationalism inherently evil? Would a one-world government be more preferable? Are appreciating and defending one's own culture and cultural values somehow primitive instincts that must be overcome by the educational efforts of the enlightened? We have all heard of Fascism, but our image is usually of a brutal soldier wearing a uniform emblazoned with a swastika. Most people in the U.S. are aware that the U.S. and its allies fought a war against the Nazis, but there is much more to know if one is to learn the important lessons of our recent history. Adolph Hitler's Nazis were certainly the most prolific of the Fascist states. The seeds of Fascism, however, were planted in Italy. "Fascism is reaction," said Benito Mussolini, author of The Doctrine of Fascism, but reaction to what? Mussolini forged Fascism in post-World War I in Europe. The national aspirations of many European peoples nations without states, peoples arbitrarily assigned to political entities with little regard for custom or culture had been crushed after World War I. The humiliation imposed by the victors in the Great War, coupled with the hardship of the economic Depression, created bitterness and anger. That anger frequently found its outlet in an ideology that asserted not just the importance of the nation, but its unquestionable superiority and predestined role in history. Italy was the birthplace of Fascist ideology. Mussolini, ironically a former socialist journalist, organized the first Fascist movement in 1919 at Milan. In 1922 Mussolini led a march on Rome, he was given a government post by the king, and began transforming the Italian government into a Fascist state. In 1938 he forced the last remains of democracy, the Council of Deputies, to vote themselves out of existence, leaving Mussolini dictator of Fascist Italy. Fascism and the Doctrine of Fascism is more complex than popular belief. What, then, is the nature of Fascism? Fundamental Ideas The doctrine tells of a world where the instinctiveness of man to live a life of selfish and momentary pleasure are subjugated by a moral law. A law which binds together individuals into a mission in which through the denial of themselves and sacrifice of private interests realizes complete spiritual existence. In essence, Fascism attempts to create a state where the citizens do not exist individually, it creates instruments for the state to manipulate. It achieves this under the guise of spirituality. The hopeless, cheerless, and forgotten are the most susceptible to the Fascism virus. By putting them into uniforms and incorporating them into organized movement, Fascism makes them feel as if

Mountain Man Beer CompanyBrand, Essay

MMBC is considering introducing a Mountain Man Light beer to attract younger drinkers to the brand. MMBC ultimately would like to reposition the brand to drive sales of Mountain Man Light to young people without eroding the core brand equity. The reason MMBC should consider doing this is because over the previous six years light beer sales in the U. S have been growing at a compound annual rate of 4% while traditional beer sales have been declining annually at the same rate. MMBC has been experiencing declining sales for the first time in the company’s history and needs to do something about it. For the introduction of this new light beer to succeed: †¢Mountain Man Light beer would have to not interfere with Mountain Man Lager sales and avoid the cannibalization of the original product. †¢ MMBC would have to strategically reposition themselves in a way where their brand keeps and maintains their strong image to it’s already older, blue collar, loyal customers while at the same time appealing to the younger drinkers. †¢MMBC needs to have the necessary funds to launch Mountain Man Light. †¢MMBC would need to make sure to get retailers to give them additional facings. MMBC’s goals should be to stop declining sales and solve whatever problem that’s causing lost sales, and maintaining a strong brand image while looking for marketing opportunities as well as promoting the growth of the company. To make the right decision MMBC needs to remember what has led them to be a successful brewing company. MMBC’s reputation of quality beer along with a unique flavorful taste has led the company to have a respectable market share for an old school, regional brewery and strong brand loyalty from its customers. Over the years MMBC has relied on its history and status as an independent, family owned brewery to create a certain authenticity and position the beer with its core drinkers (blue collar, middle-to-lower income men over age 45). MMBC has been recognized as one of the best beers in the nation many times leading to a strong brand awareness among working-class males in the East Central region. MMBC differentiated themselves strategically by using grass-roots marketing to spread its beer quality message by word of mouth, MMBC knows that they are not as big as Anheuser Busch and they don’t try to be. With a strong loyal customer MMBC’s brand loyalty rate is higher than the rates of competitive products. All of these factors and strategies have led MMBC to create a strong brand. In spite of its strong brand, MMBC’s decline is due to many factors. The first reason for this decline is that there has been a turn down in the beer sales in the whole US. The cause for this turn down is consumer’s acquired preference towards wines and spirits based drinks. Also, light beer sales in the US have been growing at a prospering rate of 4%, thus decreasing conventional premium beer sales by the equivalent percentage. Light beer sales accounted for 50. 4% of volume sales in 2005, compared with 29. 8% in 2001. This has definitely declined MMBC’s sale since they don’t offer a â€Å"light† beer category. Finally younger drinkers ages 21 to 27, which are not MMBC’s target market, account for more than 27% of total beer consumption and is still growing. In addition, this age group spent twice as much per capita on alcoholic beverages than consumers over 35 years of age.

A Good Parent

A Good Parent How to be a good parent? During this period, raising children is the most difficult job in the world. But to be a good parent will teach them to become a nice person. So the most important quality of a good parent is being responsible for their children. There are several qualities of a good parent. The three most important qualities of a good parent are express love, helping your children feel safe, and spending a time with your children. The first quality of good parents is express love. A good parent should tell their children that they love them every day.For example, they express their love by giving lots of hugs and some kisses. A parent should give them more attention and love. Because many children look for this kinds of favor from parents. If a parent expresses love to them then they will get along with their parents. They will start communicating and tell everything to you. Try to love your children completely do not force them to love you. They should be in o rder to earn your love. For example, let them know that you will always love them no matter what. The second quality of good parents is helping your children feel safe. A good parent should give children some privacy and respect.For example, if you teach them that you can come to ours room but stay out of line. Also teach them if you enter someone’s room then you cannot look through theirs drawers or read their diary. Do not argue with your spouse while they are sleeping. Because sometimes children may feel worried and scared. So from this they can learn to argue with someone. Therefore show them that when someone argues with them then they can discuss their differences peacefully. A good parent should set boundaries. For example, bedtimes, and curfews so they know that parents care and try to make feel safe by the boundaries.The third quality of good parents is spending a time with your children. It is necessary for parents should spend time with children. A parent should ta ke some time from work and spend time with them by attending a school function, do homework with them, and visit their teacher at the open house. If a parent spends time with children they will love it and they will remember that my parents attended my school function. Spend time with children thirty minutes every day. Try to spend time during dinner and talk big and small problems with them. Try to go out for blowing, plan a vacation, a visit to grandparents, and many more things.By spending time with them they will try to communicate more and tell every big or small problem with you. They also start caring about you and give more respect. The most important thing is to try to forget your job work when you come home. Spend time with your children as much you can. In short, there are several qualities of a good parent. The three most important qualities of a good parent are express love, helping you children feel safe, and spending a time with you children. (need to add final commen t in conclusion otherwise everythings is prefect)

Creative Writing – My Dad is not a bad sort of bloke

My Dad is not a bad sort of bloke. There are plenty who are much worse. But he dose rave on a bit, like if you get muddy when you are playing football, or rip your pants when you are building a den. Stuff like that. Mostly we understand each other and I can handle him. What he doesn't know doesn't hurt him. If he knew that I kept George, my pet mouse, under the bed, he wouldn't like it; so I don't tell him. That way he is happy, I am happy and George is happy. There are only problems when he finds out what has been going on. Like the time that I wanted to see Mad Max II. The old man said it was a bad movie- too much blood and guts. It's too violent,' he said. ‘But, Dad, that's not fair. All the other kids are going. I'II be the only one in the school who hasn't seen it. ‘ I went on and on like this. I kept nagging. In the end he gave in-he wasn't a bad old boy. He usually let me have what I wanted after a while. It was easy to get around him. The trouble stared the next morning. He was cleaning his teeth in the bathroom, making noises, humming and gurgling- you know the sort of thing. Suddenly he stopped. Everything went quiet. Then he came into the kitchen. There was toothpaste all around his mouth; he looked like a mad tiger. He was frothing at the mouth. ‘What's this? ‘ he said. He was waving his toothbrush about. ‘What's this on my toothbrush? ‘ Little grey hairs were sticking out of it. ‘How did these hairs get on my toothbrush? ‘ Did you have my toothbrush, David? ‘ He was starting to get mad. I didn't know whether to own up or not. Parents always tell you that if you own up they will let you off. They say that they won't do anything if you are honest- no punishment. I decided to give it a try. ‘Yes,' I said. ‘I used it yesterday. ‘ He still had toothpaste on his mouth. He couldn't talk properly. ‘What are these little grey hairs? he asked. ‘I used it to brush my pet mouse,' I answered. ‘You what? ‘ he screamed. ‘My mouse. ‘ He stared jumping up and down and screaming. He ran around in circles holding his throat, then he ran into the bathroom and stared washing his mouth out. There was a lot of splashing and gurgling. He was acting like a madman. I didn't know what all the fuss was about. All that yelling just over a few mouse hairs. After a while he came back into the kitchen. He kept opening and shutting his mouth as if he could taste something bad. He had a mean look in his eye- real mean. ‘What are you thinking of? he yelled at the top of his voice. ‘Are you crazy or something? Are you trying to kill me? ‘Don't you know that mice carry germs? They are filthy things. I'II probably die of some terrible disease. ‘ He went on like this for ages. Then he said, ‘And don't think that you are going to see Mad Max II. You can sit at home and think how stupid it is to brush a mouse with someone else's toothbrush. ‘ I went back to my room to get dressed. Dad just didn't understand about that mouse. It was a special mouse, a very special mouse indeed. It was going to make a lot of money: fifty dollars, in fact. Every year there was a mouse race in Smith's barn. The prize was fifty dollars. And my mouse, George, had a good chance of winning. But I had to look after him. That's why I brushed him with a toothbrush. I knew that George could beat every other mouse except one. There was one mouse I wasn't sure about. It was called Mugger and Scrag Murphy, the toughest kid in town, owned it. I had never seen his mouse before, but I knew it was fast. Scrag Murphy fed it on a special diet. That is what I was thinking about as I dressed. I went over to the cupboard to get a pair of underpants. There were none there. Hey, Mum,' I yelled out. ‘I am out of underpants. ‘ Mum came into the room holding something terrible. Horrible. It was a pair of home made underpants. ‘I made these for you, David,' she said. ‘I bought the material at the Oxfam shop. There was just the right amount of material for one pair of underpants. ‘ ‘I'm not wearing those,' I told her. ‘No way. Never' ‘What's wrong with them? ‘ and Mum sounded hurt. ‘They're pink,' I said. ‘And they've got little pictures of fairies on them. I couldn't wear them. Everyone would laugh. I would be the laughing stock of the school. ‘ Underpants with fairies on them and pink. I nearly freaked out. I thought about what Scrag Murphy would say if he ever heard about them. I went red just thinking about it. Just then Dad poked his head into the room. He still had that mean look in his eye. He was remembering the toothbrush. ‘What's going on now? ‘ he asked in a dark voice. ‘Nothing,' I said. ‘I was just thanking Mum for making me these nice underpants. ‘ I pulled on my fairy pants and quickly covered them with my jeans. At least no one else would know I had them on. That was one thing to be thankful for. The underpants felt strange. They made me tingle all over. And my head felt light. There was something not quiet right about those underpants- and I am not talking about the fairies. I had breakfast and went out to the front gate. Pete was waiting for me. He is my best mate; we always walk to school together. ‘Have you got your running shoes? ‘ he asked. ‘Oh no,' I groaned. ‘I forgot. It's the cross-country race today. ‘ I went back and got my running shoes. I came back out walking very slowly. I was thinking about the race. I would have to go to the changing rooms and get changed in front of Scrag Murphy and all the other boys. They would all laugh their heads off when they saw my fairly underpants. We walked through the park on the way to school. There was a big lake in the middle. ‘Let's chuck some stones,' said Pete. ‘See who can throw the furthest. ‘ I didn't answer. I was feeling weak in the stomach. ‘What's the matter with you? ‘ he asked. ‘You look like death warmed up. ‘ I looked around. There was no one else in the park. ‘Look at this,' I said. I undid my fly and showed Pete the underpants. His eyes bugged out like organ stops; then he started to laugh. He fell over on the grass and laughed his silly head off. Tears rolled down his cheeks. He really thought it was funny. Some friend. After a while Pete stopped laughing. ‘Your poor thing,' he said. ‘What are you going to do? Scrag Murphy and the others will never let you forget it. ‘ We started throwing stones into the lake. I didn't try very hard. My heart wasn't in it. ‘Hey,' said Pete. ‘That was a good shot. It went right over to the other side. ‘ He was right. The stone had reached the other side of the lake. No one had ever done that before; it was too far. I picked up another stone. This time I threw as hard as I could. The stone went right over the lake and disappeared over some trees. ‘Wow,' yelled Pete. ‘That's the best shot I've ever seen. No one can throw that far. ‘ He looked at me in a funny way. My skin was tingling. ‘I feel strong,' I said. ‘I feel as if I can do anything. ‘ I went over to the park bench. It was large concrete one. I lifted it up with one hand. I held it high over my head. I couldn't believe it. Pete just stood there with his mouth hanging open. He couldn't believe it either. I felt great. I jumped for joy. I sailed high into the air. I went up three meters. ‘What a jump,' yelled Pete. My skin was tingling. Especially under the underpants. ‘It's the underpants,' I said. ‘The underpants are giving me strength. I grinned. ‘They are not underpants. They are wunderpants. ‘ ‘Super Jocks,' said Pete. We both started cackling like a couple of hens. We laughed until our sides ached. I told Pete not to tell anyone about the wunderpants. We decided to keep it a secret. Nothing much happened until the cross-country race that afternoon. All the boys went to the changing room to put on their running gear. Scrag Murphy was there. I tried to into my shorts without him seeing my wunderpants, but it was no good. He noticed them as soon as I dropped my jeans. ‘Ah ha,' he shouted. ‘Look at baby britches. Look at his fairy pants. Everyone looked. They all started to laugh. How embarrassing. They were all looking at the fairies on my wunderpants. Scrag Murphy was a big, fat bloke. He was really tough. He came over and pulled the elastic on my wunderpants. Then he let it go. ‘Ouch,' I said. ‘ Cut that out. That hurts. ‘ ‘What's the matter, little Diddums? ‘ he said. ‘Can't you take it? ‘ He shoved me roughly against the wall. I wasn't going to let him get away with that, so I pushed him back- just a little push. He went flying across the room and crashed into the wall on the other side. I just didn't know m y own strength. That little push had sent him all the way. It was the wunderpants. Scrag Murphy looked at me with shock and surprise that soon turned to a look of hate. But he didn't say anything. No one said anything. They were all thinking I was going to get my block knocked off next time I saw Scrag Murphy. About forty kids were running in the race. We had to run through the countryside, following markers that had been put out by the teachers. It was a hot day, so I decided to wear a pair of shorts but no top. As soon as the starting gun went I was off like a flash. I had kept my wunderpants on and they were working really well. I went straight out to the front. I had never run so fast before. As I ran along the road I passed a man on a bike. He tried to keep up with me, but he couldn't. Then I passed a car. This was really something. This was great. I looked behind. None of the others were in sight- I was miles ahead. The trail trued off the road and into the bush. I was running along a narrow track in the forest. After a while I came to a small creek. I was hot so I decided to have a dip. After all, the others were a long way behind; I had plenty of time. I took off my shorts and running shoes, but I left the wunderpants on. I wasn't going to part with them. I dived into cold water. It was refreshing. I lay on my back looking at the sky. Life was good. These wunderpants were terrific. I would never be scared of Scrag Murphy while I had the on. Then something started to happen- something terrible. The wunderpants started to get tight. They hurt. They were shrinking. They were shrinking smaller and smaller. The pain was awful. I had to get them off. I struggled and wiggled; they were so tight they cut into my skin. In the end I got them off, and only just in time. They shrank so small that they would only just fit over my thumb. I had a narrow escape. I could have been killed by the shirking wunderpants. Just then I heard voices coming. It was the others in the race. I was trapped- I couldn't get out to put on my shorts. There were girls in the race. I had to stay in the middle of the creek in the nude. It took quiet a while for all the others to run by. They were all speared out along the track. Every time I went to get out of the pool, someone else would cone. After a while Pete stopped at the pool. ‘What are you doing? ‘ he said. ‘Even super jocks won't help you win from this far back. ‘ ‘Keep going,' I said. ‘I'II tell you about it later. I didn't want to tell him that I was in the nude. Some girls were with him. Pete and the girls took off along the track. A bit later the last runner arrived. It was Scrag Murphy. He couldn't run fast- he was carrying too much weight. ‘Well, look at this,' he said. ‘It's little fairy pants. And what's this we have here? ‘ He picked up my shorts and running shoes from the bank of the creek. Then he ran off with them. ‘Come back,' I screamed. ‘Bring those back here,' He didn't take any notice. He just laughed and kept running. I didn't know what to do. I didn't have a stitch of clothing. I didn't even have any shoes. I was starting to feel cold; the water was freezing. I was covered in Goosebumps and my teeth were chattering. In the end I had to get out. I would have frozen to death if I stayed in the water any longer. I went and sat on a rock in the sun and tried to think of how g to get home without being seen. It was all right in the bush. I could always hide behind a tree if someone came. But once I reached the road I would be in trouble; I couldn't just walk along the road in the nude. Then I had an idea. I looked at the tiny underpants. I couldn't put them on, but they still might work. I put them over my thumb and jumped. It was no good. It was just a small ordinary jump. I picked up a stone and threw it. It only went a short way, not much of a throw at all. The pants were too small, and I was my weak old self again. I lay down on the rock in the sun. Ants started to crawl over me. Then the sun went behind a cloud. I started to think about Scrag Murphy. He was going to pay for this. I would get him back somehow. Time went slowly, but at last it started to grow dark. I made my way back along the track. I was in bare feet and I kept standing on stones. Branches reached out and scratched me in all sorts of painful places. Then I started to think about snakes. What if I stood on one? There were all sorts of noises in the dark. The moon had gone in, and it was hard to see where I was going. I have to admit it: I was scared. Scared stiff. To cheer myself up I started to think about what I was going to do to Scrag Murphy. Boy, was he going to get it. At last I came to the road. I was glad to be out of the bush. My feet were cut and bleeding and I hobbled along. Every time a car went by I had to drive into the bushes. I couldn't let myself get caught in the headlights of the cars. I wondered what I was going to do when I reached the town. There might be people around. I broke off a branch form a bush and held it in front of my ‘you know what. ‘ It was prickly, but it was better that nothing. By the time I reached the town it was late. There was no one around. But I had to be careful someone might come out of a house at any minute. I ran out from tree to tree and wall to wall, hiding in the shadows as best I could. I decided to make a run for it. It was the only way. I dropped my bush and started running. I went for my life. I reached our street without meeting a soul. I though I was safe, but I was wrong. I crashed right into someone and sent them flying. It was old Mrs Jeeves from across the road. ‘Sorry,' I said. ‘Gee, I'm sorry. ‘ I helped her stand up. She was a bit short sighted and it was dark. She hadn't noticed that I didn't have any clothes on. ‘Disgusting,' she screeched. ‘Disgusting. I'II tell your father about this. ‘ I ran home as fast as I could. I went in the back door and jumped into bed. I tried to pretend that I was asleep. Downstairs I could hear Mrs Jeeves yelling at Dad; then the front door closed. I heard his footsteps coming up the starts. Well, I really copped it. I was in big trouble. Dad went on and on. What are you thinking of, lad? Running around in the nude. Losing all your clothes. What will the neighbour's think/ He went on like that for about a week. I couldn't tell him the truth-he wouldn't believe it. No one would. The only ones who know the whole story were Pete and I. Dad grounded me for a month. I wasn't allowed out of the house except to go to school. No pictures, no swimming and no pocket money either. In was a bad month. Very bad indeed. At school Scrag Murphy gave me a hard time. He called me ‘Fairy Pants'. Every one though it was a great joke, and there was nothing I could do about it. He was just too big for me, and his mates were all tough guys. I remembered the mouse race in Smith's barn. ‘We will win the mouse race,' I shouted. ‘It's in a month's time. We can use the next month to train my mouse. ‘ We started to train George. Every day after school we took him around a track in the back garden. We tied a piece of cheese on the end of a bit of string. George chased after it as fast as he could. After six laps we gave him the piece of cheese to eat. At the start he could do six laps in ten minutes. By the end of the month he was down to three minutes. ‘Scrag Murphy, look out,' said Pete with a grin. We are really going to beat the pants off you this time. ‘ The day of the big race came at last. There were about one hundred kids in Smith's barn. No adults knew about it, they would probably have stopped it if they knew. The prize money came from the entrance fee. ‘Right,' said tiger. ‘Get out your mice. ‘ I put George down on the track. He looked very small. He started to sniff around. I hoped he would run as fast with the other mice there. Scrags Murphy put his hand in the box and took out Mugger. He was the biggest mouse I had ever seen. There were about ten mice in the race- or I should say nine mice and one rat. Two rats if you counted Scrag Murphy. All the owners took out their string and cheese. ‘GO,' shouted Tiger Glenn. Mugger jumped straight on to a little mouse next to him and bit it on the neck. The poor thing fell over and lay still. ‘Boo,' yelled some of the crowd. George ran to the front straight away. He was going really well. Then Mugger started to catch up. It was neck and neck for five laps. First Mugger would get in front, then George. Everyone in the barn went crazy. They were yelling their heads off. Suddenly something terrible happened. Mugger jumped onto George's tail and grabbed it in his teeth. The crowd started to boo. Even Scrag Murphy's mates were booing. But George kept going. He didn't stop for a second. He just pulled the fat rat along after him. It rolled over and over behind the little mouse. Mugger held on for grim of death, but he couldn't stop George. ‘What a mouse,' screamed the crowed as George crossed the finish line still towing Mugger behind him. Scrag Murphy stormed off out of the barn. He didn't even take Mugger with him. Tiger handed me the prize money. Then he held up George. ‘George is the winner,' he said. ‘The only mouse in the world with its own little pair of fairy underpants. ‘

AP Biology Photosynthesis Lab

Photosynthesis is affected by light intensity, water, and temperature. Plants grow more abundantly because the weather is warm. Carbon Dioxide given off by animals is consumed by plants that replace the oxygen animals take it. Experimentation will help understanding how plants are vital because of the oxygen they release. If leaf disks in the experiment release oxygen, they will undergo photosynthesis and float. If there is no temperature buffer of water, the higher temperature will cause more leaf disks to float at a faster rate. (Experiment Central)Methods:This lab required 100 ml of water, 3 grams of baking soda, several leaves, a single hole punch, a plastic syringe with a removable stopper, a beaker large enough to hold 100+ ml of liquid, a beaker large enough to block out the prior, a light fixture, and a thermometer.This experiment began by preparing 100 ml of bicarbonate solution for each trial. To do this, 3g of baking soda was dissolved into 100ml of water. The bicarbonate served as an alternate dissolved source of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Then 12 leaflet disks (leaf chads) were cut for each trial. Single hole punches were used to cut these out. The disks were then placed in the bottom of an empty syringe. As the syringe filled with the bicarbonate solution, the leaf disks were immersed in the solution. A finger was placed over the opening of the syringe, and as the plunger was pulled down it created suction. The goal of this step was to create a vacuum, so the empty air pockets in the leaf chads that made them buoyant were filled with water (so they would sink).The disks were poured into  the 100ml solution, and sank to the bottom. The temperature of the water was recorded. A heat buffer that consisted of a larger beaker filled with water was placed in between the solution and the light fixture, and the light was then turned on. Over the course of 8 minutes the leaf chads underwent photosynthesis and began to float back to the surface of the water. The number of floating disks was recorded each minute and then the process was repeated without the heat buffer. While being repeated without the heat buffer, the temperature was checked every minute and recorded.Data and Results:Conclusions:The rate of photosynthesis was measured by floatation of leaf disks when oxygen was released. The hypothesis was not supported because the leaf disks did not float at a higher rate when the temperature was slightly higher. Figure 1 shows this because the rate of floating leaf disks did not increase as predicted. The change in heat did not affect the amount of floating leaf disks, perhaps due to a large margin of error. The margins for error include the clumps of leaf disks, too much water in the buffer, too many air pockets in the leaves and not having stronger temperatures. A follow up experiment would test the same leaf disks with a stronger heat source. This follow up would most likely support the current hypothesis.

What is Public administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is Public administration - Essay Example Though administration in regular life is mostly involuntary, it is possible to control and co-ordinate such activities for common good. Hence the administration aspect is combined with management to optimize its benefits. Inclusion of management has given an ethical and social angle to the PA portfolio. In the traceable beginnings of this complex discipline the areas of politics and administration were separated vaguely. As times passed by, the political nature of administration made it complex to keep the two disciplines associated. Hence in recent times, political scientists study the organizational behavior of governments at all levels and provide inputs to the administration wing to act on the suggestions. This process evolution has removed the political influence on administration aspects to a large extent. In the symbolic front bureaucracy is still a synonym for public administration, reflecting the initial influence of politics on PA. The face of public administration has changed drastically over centuries. The rudiments of this discipline can be found in different parts of the world in different cultures aiming to achieve similar public interest objectives. In the earlier set up, public administrators were considered only as implementers of law. This idea ignored the human element involved in administration.

Hunter College Dance Program Student Concert program C Essay

Hunter College Dance Program Student Concert program C - Essay Example The role of the audience is to be critical of the dances in order to comprehend the artistic influences in the dance and to encourage and critique the performers to facilitate the development of the performers(Minton, 74). The rationale for the concert is to facilitate an interaction between the performers and the audience. The reason for the choreography was to serve as a guide for aspiring artists on how to handle a real life situation. The concert provides the dancers with a platform to present their creativity to the audience in order to learn how to perfect technique, style and execution (Minton, 48). The audience is watching in order to experience the artistry, which is present among the students at the collage. This offers the audience with an opportunity to comment on the pieces. The audience is also watching for entertainment through the music and choreography, which characterizes the concert. There is a definite relationship between the audience and the performers. This is essential in order to facilitate both parties to experience the different emotions and messages which are evident in a performance. However, in this scenario, the performer is the source of the content the audience will respond to during the choreography (Minton, 74). This means that the choreographer leads the audience through this artistic journey. The audience has to interpret the message in the dance in order to comprehend the artistic message being passed by the choreographers. This was evident in several performances especially in the choreography Not my Chains, Choreographed by Elana Jaroff whereby the choreographer elicited the feel of freedom. Music was an essential element in the performances. This is because it provided the rhythm for the performers to express their artistry. The choreographers used music, which complemented

Team dynamics and gender ( management and organizational behavior) Assignment

Team dynamics and gender ( management and organizational behavior) - Assignment Example Annotated Bibliography Emerald Group. (2003). Dealing With the Dynamics of Gender. How Men and Women Cope With Criticism. Human Resource Management International Digest, Vol. 11(3). Pp. 24-26. This article discusses the gender that is dominating more workplaces and how work teams are made. It also talks about how the teams can be made to perform more successfully, the function of each team player and the aspects that affect the performance of a team in a project. It goes further to explaining what makes the team players behave differently, given that they are of different sexual category. As explained, so many issues affect how the team works. One of them is how the results of a certain project are returned by the team, to influence the outcome of another one. Teams that take action to feedback are likely to be more successful that those that do not respond to feedback. However, the research made so far have not been able to identify which gender is likely to respond more to negative feedback. Likewise, the article explains the manners of both male and female are affected by how they were raised up since their childhood and these remain in-built even at their adult-hood. Where male children are normally taught to be social and determined to reach their ambitions while young females were encouraged to be passionate and introverts. Therefore, men tend to explore their skills, emphasize and communicate a lot more in teamwork than women. Women are used to be submissive and avoid being bold while men are used to be self-confident and challenging, and are easily manipulated. Hence, male is prompt to take part in, authorize and be developing leaders than women. Furthermore, investigations show that men tend to believe that reduction of the input energy is triggered off by resentment instead of surveyors’ actual inspiration to lend a hand. Therefore, a group led by women is more prone to respond to negative feedback than the one being controlled by men. In addit ion to that, the project that the team works on also affects the groups’ reaction to negative feedback. The article explains that individual confidence also contributes to the feedback one receives. That is, if a person has self-confidence when doing an assignment, then the individual is less expected to get a negative feedback. Therefore, teams made up of people who are experts on the assignment been done are unlikely to respond to negative feedback. Therefore, men being self-confident are prone to respond less to negative feedback than women are. Moreover, the response to decline of input energy is also determined by what the group members pick out to be the source. This view influences the change of the teams’ behavior because of the feedback. In those teams dominated by experts, external factors such as the uniqueness of the task and fate are accountable; therefore, the team does not blame itself for putting into practice the proposals they made in the feedback. Th erefore, when male work out on jobs that they are used to, they blame external sources like fate and nature of the job for negative feedback. Similarly, when women work on assignments they are used to doing, they are prone to respond to negative feedback. However, when males work on assignments that are female-oriented, they are likely to put the blame on issues rooted to the group hence respond to negati