Internal and External Violence Essay examples -- Violent Violence Inte

Internal and External Violence Specific time periods, such as World War II, and the Post-Civil War era bring to mind images of hate, death, and violence. Not solely external violence or violence that is carried out, such as murders, war, or blatant displays of violence such as those in Ellison’s Battle Royal, but internal violence as well. Internal violence is more about the mind, a violence of emotion, though internal violence is closely linked to external violence. They are linked not only because external violence causes internal violence, but also because of the reverse. This is seen in the works of Ellison, Borowski, O’Connor, and DeLillo. In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† O’Connor shows the effects of internal violence compared to external violence. On one hand you have the family members that are brought off to be killed. The only thing the author lets the reader know about their fate is a solitary scream when the mother, daughter, and baby are taken away. However, for the entire time that the family is being held hostage, the grandmother is talking to The Misfit. She shows how people react to the internal violence of a stressful, and fatal ordeal. She pleads with The Misfit not to save her grandchildren’s lives, not her son and daughter-in-law’s lives, but only her own. She has no fear for anyone but herself and is consumed by the need to preserve her life. She tries everything she can to get The Misfit to spare her. She tries to convince him that he is of good blood, and could never kill a lady such as her self. She even tries to get him to turn to God for help. Of course none of this works but it makes a point. It makes the point that when faced with the fear of external violence, people will do any... ...iolence is about. Its about fear, and helplessness because you realize that you too can die, and there is nothing you can do about it. Every day you can watch the news and see examples of violence. Its all over, and everyone has seen it. It seems that at least every few months there is another high school shooting where a teen rages against the society they live in the only way they know how, through violence, both internal and external. Internal because of the way they change the lives of those who live through the ordeal, and have the rest of their lives to think about how they saw their best friend get shot in school one day. External violence is directly related to internal violence because extreme violence, in person, scares people. Works Cited Charters, Ann, Comp. The Story And It’s Writer. Bedford/St. Martins: Boston and New York, 1999.

Compare the characteristics of a management information system and a decision support system

Why are decision support systems suited for executive decision making? Why must an executive support system be flexible and easy to use?Both management information systems and decision support systems generate information that help make daily decisions within a business that are fast and efficient to produce productivity. Decision support systems are suited for executives because executives make many unstructured business decisions that requires them to be able to have an overall current view of the organizations standing, this is done through business intelligence infrastructure and the use of dashboards and scorecards. The Executive support system must be flexible Compare the characteristics of a management information system and a decision support system.Why are decision support systems suited for executive decision making? Why must an executive support system be flexible and easy to use?Both management information systems and decision support systems generate information that hel p make daily decisions within a business that are fast and efficient to produce productivity. Decision support systems are suited for executives because executives make many unstructured business decisions that requires them to be able to have an overall current view of the organizations standing, this is done through business intelligence infrastructure and the use of dashboards and scorecards. The Executive support system must be flexible Compare the characteristics of a management information system and a decision support system.Why are decision support systems suited for executive decision making? Why must an executive support system be flexible and easy to use?Both management information systems and decision support systems generate information that help make daily decisions within a business that are fast and efficient to produce productivity. Decision support systems are suited  for executives because executives make many unstructured business decisions that requires them t o be able to have an overall current view of the organizations standing, this is done through business intelligence infrastructure and the use of dashboards and scorecards. The Executive support system must be flexible Compare the characteristics of a management information system and a decision support system.Why are decision support systems suited for executive decision making? Why must an executive support system be flexible and easy to use?Both management information systems and decision support systems generate information that help make daily decisions within a business that are fast and efficient to produce productivity. Decision support systems are suited for executives because executives make many unstructured business decisions that requires them to be able to have an overall current view of the organizations standing, this is done through business intelligence infrastructure and the use of dashboards and scorecards. The Executive support system must be flexible Compare th e characteristics of a management information system and a decision support system.Why are decision support systems suited for executive decision making? Why must an executive support system be flexible and easy to use?Both management information systems and decision support systems generate information that help make daily decisions within a business that are fast and efficient to produce productivity. Decision support systems are suited for executives because executives make many unstructured business decisions that requires them to be able to have an overall current view of the organizations standing, this is done through business intelligence infrastructure and the use of dashboards and scorecards. The Executive support system must be flexible Compare the characteristics of a management information system and a decision support system.Why are decision support systems suited for executive decision making? Why must an executive support system be flexible and easy to use?Both manag ement information systems and decision support systems generate information that help make daily decisions within a business that are fast and efficient to produce productivity. Decision support systems are suited for executives because executives make many unstructured business decisions that requires them to be able to have an overall current view of the organizations standing, this is done through business intelligence infrastructure and the use of dashboards and scorecards. The Executive support system must be flexible Compare the characteristics of a management information system and a decision support system.Why are decision support systems suited for executive decision making? Why must an executive support system be flexible and easy to use?Both management information systems and decision support systems generate information that help make daily decisions within a business that are fast and efficient to produce productivity. Decision support systems are suited for executives because executives make many unstructured business decisions that requires them to be able to have an overall current view of the organizations standing, this is done through business intelligence infrastructure and the use of dashboards and scorecards. The Executive support system must be flexible

Aristotle Viewed The Good Life As One In Which One Is Happy

Aristotle viewed the good life as one in which one is happy meaning doing and living well. Human beings can act rationally and have both needs and wants. These needs and wants are fulfilled by acquiring material wealth. Karl Marx defined a commodity in terms of it having a use value and exchange value. In a capitalist society, commodities are produced using human labor for exchange and, this means only products that must value are exchanged to satisfy human wants. â€Å"A commodity is, therefore, a mysterious thing, simultaneously because in it the social character of men’s labor upon the product of that of labor; because the relation of the producers to the sum of their own labor is presented to them as a social†¦show more content†¦Free markets result in efficiency and economic growth by improving the living standards of its participants. Adam Smith’s argument supports this idea where he suggested that an invisible hand moves the economy into prosperity. He argued that if people can participate in the economy freely, good consequences will follow and if one pursues his own interest, the society gains more effectually than he really intends. However, this may be true, people must keep in mind there are good and bad consequences. Social benefits are usually ignored because people exchange goods and services to benefit oneself. This results in inefficient allocation of resources. Thorstein Veblen argument in relates to how pecuniary emulation is a driving force to how consumers behave. He suggests that people want to accumulate more wealth thus buying more expensive things to become better than other people. Possessing wealth conveys honor (Veblen, 660) and free markets might promote this behavior which becomes problematic. For example, the desire to want more wealth promotes the struggle to possess more than other people thus creating artificial demand and greed since people do more than fulfilling their needs. Inequalities and exploitat ion are likely to arise since demand for goods is created and the rich take advantage of the poor. In addition, John Galbraith states that â€Å"wants depend on the process by which they are satisfied† (Galbraith, 331). This means thatShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Confucius And Confucius1391 Words   |  6 PagesConcept of Friendship according to Aristotle and Confucius. Confucius and Aristotle both examined the concept of friendship. Since they lived in vastly different societies, one would expect that their concepts would be dissimilar. Surprisingly they are also similarities. The two traditions’ thoughts on friendship are from two perspectives, virtue and trustworthiness. There are some similarities between Aristotle and Confucius on the concept of friendship. Both viewed friendship as virtuous and trustworthyRead MoreAristotles Theory of the Good Life968 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Aristotle, the good life is the happy life, as he believes happiness is an end in itself. In the Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle develops a theory of the good life, also known as eudaimonia, for humans. Eudaimonia is perhaps best translated as flourishing or living well and doing well. Therefore, when Aristotle addresses the good life as the happy life, he does not mean that the good life is simply one of feeling happy or amused. Rather, the good life for a person is the active life of functioningRead MoreThe Well Being Aristotle And Human Happiness1000 Words   |  4 PagesOur Well-Being: Aristotle and Human Happiness What is the purpose of a human being? â€Å"Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence† (Nicomachean Ethics). When one thinks about happiness, these words said by Aristotle allow us to understand its significance. Through Aristotle’s teachings, he made it clear that the point of life is to be happy. Aristotle uses the word happiness as having to do with a person’s life as a whole, and not as the constant desireRead MoreAristotle s Views On God997 Words   |  4 Pageson how a person should live his/her life. Despite the agreeance that god is the highest being, the conflicting view between philosophers is on the way one should live his/her life of virtue. Through different perspectives, distinguishing good from bad is extremely difficult. Aristotle was not religious, did not think god was compassionate, and did not believe one would meet god himself in the â€Å"life after death†. Aristotle believed that bei ng virtuous was why one should be moral as Aquinas believedRead MoreAristotles Eudaimonia1627 Words   |  7 Pagesin Greek. Aristotle argues that the highest good for human beings is happiness. He insists that every action performed by humans is to pursue happiness. Aristotle also argues that human action is always aimed at some end or good. This good may not be viewed as a good action or any good by others, but for the doer of the action (good), the activity will be perceived as good and that it will bring a favorable outcome. Aristotle also said that all of our actions resulting in ends or goods form a hierarchyRead MoreEssay about Aristotle and Platos Views on Reality980 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle and Plato were both great thinkers but their views on realty were different. Plato viewed realty as taking place in the mind but Aristotle viewed realty is tangible. Even though Aristotle termed reality as concrete, he stated that reality does not make sense or exist until the mind process it. Therefore truth is dependent upon a person’s mind and external factors. According to Aristotle, things are seen as taking course and will eventually come to a stop when potential is reachedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Nicomachean Ethics By Aristotle1667 Words   |  7 PagesEthics, by Aristotle, Aristotle describes various way of living one’s life, the ultimate goal in life, and how to achieve happiness and live the best life. Aristotle describes three different kinds of lives in Nicomachean Ethics. These three lives consists of the life of honor, the life of pleasure, and the life of study. Aristotle, from the first book, insists that the life of study or contemplation is considered to be the best life. He argues that self-sufficiency is required for the life of studyRead MoreFriendship Is A Strange Concept1732 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of friendships. According to Aristotle there are three different types of friendships and only one of them is the real deal. The Epicureans would view friendship as being something very important in life. To me, friendship is both of these views put together with a few changes here and there. To begin, Aristotle believed that there are three types of friendship. One of those three is a utility friendship. This friendship is based only on one person’s own good, and it is only a means to an endRead MoreWhat Makes People Happy854 Words   |  3 PagesThe Good Life The question of what makes people happy has been an ongoing argument for years. Happiness according to dictionary.com can be defined as the quality or state of being happy. There are two perspectives that focus on answering this question of self-happiness, the hedonic and eudaimonic. The Hedonic view (Subjective well-being) is the perspective of how people experience the quality of their lives. Hedonism is about knowing the fulfillment of pleasure. This type of pleasure is physicalRead MoreThe Notion of the Good in the Ethical Views of Plato and Aristotle1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe Notion of the Good in the Ethical Views of Plato and Aristotle 1. Discuss the notion of the good in the ethical views of Plato and Aristotle. State which of potentiality would lead to normal life. Plato explored such subjects as beauty, justice, and good government. Platos ethics were ethics of happiness. He based his ethical theory on the proposition that all people desire happiness although, of course, people sometimes act in ways that do not produce happiness. Plato believes

Internal revenue code section 482 and Transfer Pricing Free Essay Example, 2500 words

These provisions clearly state that the prices and fees charged by such entities for the goods, services or loans as well as property, that they will transfer between different associates of the company, should be same as they would have done if the transaction was with a business house outside the company group. However, what could be these prices etc. for the transfer transaction remains a big question. Certain anomalies are found between the legislations laid out under section 482 and the implementation of the same. The reasons for this can be summarized as below: Section 482 legislation and the regulations for implementation of the same are working diversely as these regulations are ambiguous, thus vulnerable to many interpretations by the revenue officials. While dealing with the issues of intra-company pricing, the need is to have experts in the economic and financial fields to decide and implement the section 482 according to its true legislative meaning. However, the dearth of such expertise with IRS results in varied implementation of the legislation and thus the resolution of any pricing issue becomes a subject of multiple interpretations. The other reason could be that the US congress, which has passed such legislative laws like section 482 of IRC code, have provided that these laws mandate the availability of expertise and sources to IRS for interpreting and implementing the rules in the proper manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal revenue code section 482 and Transfer Pricing or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The legislations could be the result of certain political motivation also, while keeping in view the interests of some individual members. .... .... .... .... .... .... .(Transfer pricing, book by King page 5-7 ) Disparity between section 482 legislation and administrative practice There can be several reasons for such disparity. One reason is the glaring gap between the actual tax collections and the figures that were mandated for such tax hauls. If it is the fault on part of the administrative and treasury deptt. ,. for improper implementation, then either the tax laws or the administrative practices need to be reformed to bring the two closer. However, if the US congress is collectively satisfied with the actual tax collections that show huge deficit of collection from the large companies, then the legislation can be only a â€Å"window dressing† exercise, which means a costly revenue loss.

The Current Status Of The Millennium Development Goals

What possible reasons may there be to explain the fact that although the GDP per capita annual growth rates were negative over the period, the HDI value still increased. HDI stands for the Human Development Index and GDP stands for gross domestic product. Even though a positive GDP will lead to a higher HDI value, a negative GDP per capita growth rate doesn’t necessarily mean the HDI value will decrease. There are other factors which contribute to a high HDI value, not just the GDP rate. These include life expectancy, education, mortality rates, and gender equality. So, it is possible that there is still a positive HDI value even though the GDP per capita annual growth rates were decreasing. You may be asked to outline the current status of the Millennium Development Goals. You will find short progress reports on each of the 8 goals. Now Read through the reports Create your own summary report One of the greatest challenges that people need to face is to eradicate extreme poverty. Even though some progress has been made, over 800 million people live on less than $1.25 USD a day. The progress that has been made has been uneven with statistics showing that more women are in need of shelter, water, and other basic needs than men. Education has proved to have a direct correlation to economic development, which is why it has become one of the Millennium Development Goals. Progress has been made, with enrolment rate reaching 91%. However, nations won’t stop until every childShow MoreRelatedPakist Child Health And Mortality1658 Words   |  7 Pageshealth of Pakistani children. Development Status In order to improve the health and poverty status of Pakistan, the United Nations Development Program has been a major partner of the Pakistan Government to help them achieve the internationally set anti-poverty Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The eight MDGs range from ensuring environmental sustainability to improving maternal health and achieving universal primary education (â€Å"Millennium Development Goals†). Pakistan has adopted 41 indicatorsRead MoreCountry Portfolio Of Nigeri Nigeria1120 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding about Nigeria’s status and health progress after the creation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), information has been gathered about socioeconomic data, health indicators, and priority goals. Socioeconomics and Demographic Profile The current socioeconomics for Nigeria are extreme poverty and it is estimated around 62% of it current population live below its poverty line, which equates to under $1 day a day (Nigerian Millennium Development Goals, 2015). Nigeria’s gross domesticRead MoreEssay on Childrens Health: The Key to the Future1706 Words   |  7 Pagescountries. In response to improving the overall health status of the world, the 191 United Nation members developed the Millennium Development Goals in 2000. The eight distinctive but interrelated goals can be accomplished to alleviate the world suffering such as poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, and environmental degradation (United Nations Children’s Fund [UNICEF], 2011). A country’s continuous endeavor to meet the Millennium Development Goal Four conveys the commitment to improve and modify itsRead MoreIs Water a Human Right?1445 Words   |  6 Pagesaffront to human dignity.† — Kofi Annan, prior United Nation s Secretary-General †¦ If only the issue of water as a human right was as simple as Kofi Annan’s perspective. A world where humans have a well defined set of undeniable rights is an important goal for this generation. But aside from rights, the human race has a more dire set of biological needs that it must secure in order to survive. When someone is denied a right, they suffer. When someone is denied a need, they die. Air, food and water areRead MoreEvaluating the Millenium Development Goals1723 Words   |  7 PagesIn the present study we evaluate the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as a framework for measuring development and assess how India and its states are doing in terms of the MDGs. The global community and the UN are busy reviewing the Millennium declaration during ten years into the new millennium. There is a race of the nations to attain their MDGs. Many countries around the world are part of this project and making independent assessment of their country situation. The achievement of the MDGsRead MoreSolving The Foreclosure Crisis1291 Words   |  6 PagesOn its surface, the current foreclosure crisis appears to have erupted from a volatile mix of debt, deregulation, risk, and over-leveraging within the economy. This; however, is a merely symptomatic approach to the recession, and does not address its underlying causes. In order to truly solve the crisis of foreclosures, one must address the systemic deficiencies which allowed the crisis to originally form. In the housing sector, the foreclosure crisis can be viewed as the bursting of the housingRead MoreThe Current Practice Of Health Insurance921 Words   |  4 PagesThe Current Practice of Health Insurance in Ethiopia The practice of health insurance coverage in Ethiopia is limited. Private sector insurance in health is underdeveloped and covers only a small proportion of the population through the Ethiopian Insurance Corporation (EIC) and recently through a few private insurance companies. Beneficiaries of health insurance schemes are a few private organizations and public enterprises. According to NHA III, private health insurance accounts for only 1.1 % ofRead MoreObjectives Of The Sixth Sustainable Development Goals1259 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic development and also assists with meeting basic human needs for food and shelter (IEA, 2004). Energy was not explicitly considered in the Millennium Development Goals in 2000 or the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation in 2002. Howe ver the link between energy services and poverty reduction was clearly identified, as energy services and modern cooking fuels improved as a result (UNDP, 2005, PG.8). January 2016 will bring into effect the United Nations (UN) 17 sustainable development goals to transformRead MoreSocial And Economic Problems Faced By Michigan1099 Words   |  5 PagesJust because people try to do good and do their best to promote a safe, equal, and problem-free society, does not mean that it is possible. In this essay I plan to explore the social and economic problems faced my Michigan as they entered the new millennium and the history of special education in Michigan. The constitution of 1850 stated, â€Å"institutions for the benefit of those inhabitants who are deaf, blind, dumb, or insane shall always be fostered and supported† (Ziewacz, 164). Michigan A HistoryRead MoreAfghanistan s Development Of Afghanistan Essay1766 Words   |  8 Pagesthreatens the survival of the state. For many, they are the wild west where there is no law and anything goes. While there is some truth to that, Afghanistan faces serious problems in their quest towards becoming a developed nation. The Millennium Development Goals were created by the United Nations to help countries stabilize and develop faster in order to catch up with the rest of the world. It was also a matter of universal human rights and speaking up for those whose voices could not be heard

The Last Remnants of Grizzly Bears Free Essays

With all the new and advanced technology that is accessible today, who has time to enjoy or care about the great outdoors? Unfortunately, much of the wilderness and the animals within it are gradually fading away. There are many animals that have already been extinct and many more will soon be put on the list of extinction. In the second issue of Target Earth, Tim Stevens found in 1975, the grizzly bear was listed as a threatened species, under the Endangered Species Act. We will write a custom essay sample on The Last Remnants of Grizzly Bears or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stevens also stated, Today, the grizzly bear hangs on in the last remnants of wild places left in the U. S. –places like the Greater Yellowstone, Glacier Park, and Shelkirk Mountains of Northern Idaho. The survival of the grizzly bear depends on several factors such as: amount of food they need and amount of space they need to live. Grizzly bears have tremendous food requirements in order to survive–adult females average 300 pounds, and males around 450 pounds, stated Stevens. Furthermore, grizzly bears are opportunistic feeders thriving on roots, berries, pine nuts, insects, herbaceous vegetation, fish, small mammals, and occasionally wild ungulates and their young. With grizzly bears wide variety of provisions, they need a large area to sustain themselves. Stevens stated, a male grizzly bear will use up to a 500 square mile â€Å"home range† throughout its life. Glover and Johnson stated, a female grizzly bear will use up 11-490 square miles throughout its life. Being that the grizzly bear is a wide-ranging, slow breeding species, and as such, are very good indicators of the overall health of the ecosystems they depend upon. If the habitat is in good shape, one could assume the bear is doing rather well(Stevens, Target Earth). However, conservation biologist states, none of the current grizzly populations is large enough to sustain itself over time. Aldo Leoplod states, the most feasible way to enlarge the area available for wilderness fauna is for the wilder parts of the National Forests, which usually surround the Parks, to function as parks in respect of threatened species. Leopold goes on to state, they have not so functioned is tragically illustrated in the case of the grizzly bear. The Greater Yellowstone is isolated from other wildland ecosystems. These populations become vulnerable to inbreeding and other genetic problems, it is critical to have these grizzly bear ecosystems connected by â€Å"linkages† or â€Å"biological corridors. † Ecosystems are much larger than the designated national parks within them. At the core of the Greater Yellowstone National Park, which is 2. 2 million acres. The ecosystem is 18 million acres and includes 7 national forests, wilderness areas, national wildlife refuges and Bureau of Land Management land. Bears are not only dependent upon the National Park â€Å"core,† but also upon the surrounding lands. Scientists have long recognized that these species are dependent upon the health of the entire ecosystem(Stevens, Target Earth). The grizzly bears habitat is slowly diminishing. The Northeast part of Greater Yellowstone provides a good example of the overall cumulative effects that many activities can have on an area. This area has been one of the best and most productive regions for grizzly bears. However, the U. S. Forest Service has been steadily logging and roading many of the last non-wilderness public lands in the region. For example, in one area called the Sunlight Basin, nearly, 4,500 acres of trees have been harvested since 1986. All of this timber was in grizzly habitat. Unfortunately, more timber sales are planned for this are in the future(Stevens, Target Earth).. In addition, on our national forest lands, logging and mining companies and willing federal agencies continue the steady drumbeat of resource extraction. Logging, road building and other developments have begun to invade and alter these landscapes, reducing their ability to support grizzly bears in two critical ways: first, transforming large expanses of land into smaller patches that will be isolated from each other. If the remaining patches become separated by too great a distance, populations of grizzly bears will inevitably decline and may disappear altogether. Second, development brings humans in to the habitat of bears, which inevitably leads to more disturbance and illegal bear kills. It is this kind of scenario that is typical of the remaining 2% of grizzly habitat in the United States(Stevens, Target Earth). Furthermore, when we protect habitat for the grizzly bear, we are also protecting other non-game species, clean water, big game habitat and places for people to experience the wonder of creation. Protecting the last 2%of grizzly bear habitat in the lower 48 states is a delicate balancing act. In the 20 years since the grizzly bear was listed as a threatened species, habitat critical to its survival has been steadily eroded, through clear-cutting, excessive forest road building, oil and gas drilling and private development. Stevens states, proper balance and conservation of grizzly habitat is the key to the bears future. The grizzly bear is one of Yellowstone’s most popular attractions. It is a symbol of the rugged west. At one time, populations were thought to be between 50,000 and 100,000 bears in the 1800s in North America. However, by 1900, only a few bears remained in scattered areas. In 1975, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed less than 1,000 bears remained. Today, biologist report 280-610 grizzlies inhabit the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem. This estimate comes from a study team of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee(Glover and Johnson). Today, there are many organizations and efforts to preserve the grizzly bears for the generations to come. One such organization is the Eastern Slopes Grizzly Bear Project. This project was initiated in 1994 to address the urgent need for scientific information about the cumulative effect of human development and activities on grizzly bears in this area. The ESGBP actively promotes the application of this information in management and conservation contexts. One of the objectives of the ESGBP is to focus on research efforts on the cumulative effects of regional land use and mortality factors on grizzly bears. Another objective is to contribute to the conservation of grizzly bear populations and their habitat in the Central Rockies Ecosystems and especially the eastern Slopes(Canadianrockies). If a plan is not devised to help promote and preserve the wildlife of the grizzly bears, it may not be long before they are taken off the Endangered Species list and placed on the extinction list. Author Edward Abbey stated, â€Å"It is my fear that if we allow the freedom of the hills and the last of the grizzly to be taken away from us, then the very idea of freedom may die with it†. And, â€Å"We must not allow our national parks and national forests to be degraded to the status of mere playgrounds†. Grizzly bears obviously need a large space for survival being their provisions range from a wide variety of nuts and berries. Also, the adult females only produce every three years due to the fact their young stay with them for two years. This is one reason why grizzly bears do not reproduce rapidly. Grizzly bears are the second slowest reproducing land mammal in North America. By keeping the grizzly bear from becoming extinct, it protects many other animals from becoming extinct as well. How to cite The Last Remnants of Grizzly Bears, Essay examples

Classroom Assessment in Fifth Grade Science free essay sample

A study was conducted to explore the hypothesis that performance assessments foster a more positive motivational orientation for students than supplied-response assessments which tend to truncate students’ learning strategies (Parkes Stefanou, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on Classroom Assessment in Fifth Grade Science or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was in response to general dissatisfaction arising from large-scale, high-stakes multiple choice testing, particularly among the older students who experienced higher levels of anxiety and mistrust with respect to standardized tests.   It partook of a cost-benefit analysis of the consequences of this particular type of assessment procedure to determine whether the positive outweighed the negative. Traditional paper and pencil tests (PP), a laboratory task format of assessment (lab), and a performance assessment (PA) were imposed on three different fifth grade science classes, particularly involving Goal Orientations to supply quantitative data.   Qualitative output was also obtained through taped interviews of the three classes.   Quantitatively, goal orientation seemed to be influenced by the type of assessment used. When paired with the qualitative data, students seemed to perform well in PP testing because they equated a good grade with competence and ability, and they believed that performing well in PP testing reflected this competency (Parkes Stefanou, 2003).   However, if receiving grades was removed from the equation, students became more receptive to PA testing and were motivated to take risks and explore actually doing science rather than just knowing science (Parkes Stefanou, 2003). One of the limitations of the study was that qualitative information was necessary to complete the picture presented by the quantitative data.   Although the study was by no means definitive as to whether or not assessment types contributed to student motivation, it clearly showed that when paired with the stakes or consequences attributed to the assessment results, it affects the students’ goal orientations. Reference List Parkes, J. and Stefanou, C. (2003). Effects of classroom assessment on student motivation on fifth-grade science. The Journal of Educational Research, 96 (3), 152-162.